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Most institutions require the Accession Number at a radiology workstation, so that the diagnostic report can be related to the performed examination. Image Type:Image identification characteristics. We find the accession number veryimportant because it is a key number during the dictationprocess. This is 1 for most DICOM tags, but can be multiple, e.g. WebAccession Number | Interoperability Standards Advisory (ISA) Home USCDI Diagnostic Imaging Accession Number Diagnostic Imaging Tests that result in visual images requiring interpretation by a credentialed professional. [14], In addition to a value representation, each attribute also has a value multiplicity to indicate the number of data elements contained in the attribute. The DICOM standard is used in a wide variety of resources (IHE, HL7 a) that are related to images. What treatment plans have been created for a patient? WebEach imaging examination is assigned a unique accession number on PACS. Web(0008,0050) Accession Number: 2: Short String (0008,0051) Issuer of Accession Number Sequence: 3: Sequence (0008,0090) Referring Physician's Name: 2: Person Name Data synced with official DICOM standard on 12 May 2020. The first demonstration of ACR/NEMA V2.0 interconnectivity technology was held at Georgetown University, May 2123, 1990. "[19], Another disadvantage is that the file format admits executable code and may contain malware.[20]. With explicit value representation (VR) data elements, for VRs that are not OB, OW, OF, SQ, UT, or UN[clarification needed], the format for each data element is: GROUP (2 bytes) ELEMENT (2 bytes) VR (2 bytes) LengthInByte (2 bytes) Data (variable length). You can lookup by a fragment of group, element (also a combination of group and element), VR or name. The Accession Number may group one or more Requested Procedures. value the actual value. WebA DICOM data object consists of a number of attributes, including items such as name, ID, etc., and also one special attribute containing the image pixel data (i.e. As difficult as all these problems are, so far we have assumed that we have correctly identified the patient. We are sometimes asked how to retrieve as study based on the accession number. for coordinates. It also mandates the presence of a media directory, the DICOMDIR file, which provides index and summary information for all the DICOM files on the media. Six companies participated in this event, DeJarnette Research Systems, General Electric Medical Systems, Merge Technologies, Siemens Medical Systems, Vortech (acquired by Kodak that same year) and 3M. A study was directly copied from a PACS and contains stale header data. (0008,0050) How can I query the MWL using FO-DICOM by accession number? IHE defines this transaction using a DICOM Structured Report. The core application of the DICOM standard is to capture, store and distribute medical images. In the perfect world, these steps happen:1. HL7 and DICOM manage a joint Working Group to harmonize areas where the two standards overlap and address imaging integration in the electronic medical record. ReferringPhysicianIDSequence. The accession number is supposed to uniquely identify the study on the information system. As weve mentioned, much of the work flow surrounding the radiology procedure is defined by IHE and works well. A RIS generated number that identifies the order for the Study. Series Number:A number that identifies this Series. If, for example, you wanted to compare the different histories from multiple radiology procedures, how would you do that? * , The accession number is supposed to uniquely identify the studyon the information system. The DICOM Standard is under continuous maintenance, and the current official version is available at http://www.dicomstandard.org/current/. A DICOM data object consists of a number of attributes, including items such as name, ID, etc., and also one special attribute containing the image pixel data (i.e. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Thus the studies are alway assigned at the same patient, but now I would want to identify the studies that a patient did in only one access. : 00000001. When I call the CreateWorklistQuery method accession number is not one of the parameters i can use. Managing the modality worklist is a process used to reduce manual data entry errors and increase fidelity of patient information into the PACS/RIS imaging console. WebThis Accession number, although required by the DICOM standard to be provided with the images, is not always available. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is an industry sponsored non-profit organization that profiles the use of standards to address specific healthcare use cases. Pixel Spacing:Physical distance in the patient between the center of each pixel. The PACS system does not synchronize changes to e.g. An imaging examination, more commonly abbreviated imaging exam or imaging study, contains all the images acquired in a given imaging protocol. ReferringPhysicianIDSequence. A central repository that breaks down departmental silos and integrates access to all the data living outside of your Electronic Health Record (EHR). The different devices come with DICOM Conformance Statements which state which DICOM classes they support. 0x0050. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is the standard for the communication and management of medical imaging information and related data. fo-dicom; Share. 11112 registered port for DICOM using standard, open communication over TCP or UDP. : LUT, Units = m*SV + b, b. WebThis Accession number, although required by the DICOM standard to be provided with the images, is not always available. An imaging protocol has three main components: imaging modality, anatomical region of interest, and acquisition parameters. Patients will sometimes have different treatment plans on different treatment planning stations. Mike Murphy Mike Murphy. Basic Structures and Concepts in DICOM These attributes allow implementations to use different identifiersto refer to a study or order. Each sample shall have the same pixel representation.Enum: 0000H=unsigned integer,0001H=2s complement. WebDICOM Standard defines components used during medical data transfers. Thus the studies are alway assigned at the same patient, but now I would want to identify the studies that a patient did in only one access. The problem occurs when you want to view both the report and the images together. XA/XRF Grayscale Softcopy Presentation State, Performed Imaging Agent Administration SR, Ophthalmic Visual Field Static Perimetry Measurements, Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Image, Wide Field Ophthalmic Photography Stereographic Projection Image, Wide Field Ophthalmic Photography 3D Coordinates Image, RT Brachy Application Setup Delivery Instruction, Volume Rendering Volumetric Presentation State, Ophthalmic Optical Coherence Tomography En Face Image, Ophthalmic Optical Coherence Tomography B-scan Volume Analysis. picture archiving and communication systems, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE), picture archiving and communication system, "Members of the DICOM Standards Committee", "Evaluation of the Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support system based on 2 years of clinical experience", "http://www.nema.org: Industrial Imaging and Communications Section", http://medical.nema.org/Dicom/2011/11_14pu.pdf, "HIPAA-Protected Malware? DICOM includes protocols for image exchange (e.g., via portable media such as DVDs), image compression, 3-D visualization, image presentation, and results reporting. In order to make the patient history available to the radiologist when reading the images, sites will often scan the document as a JPEG image, and then use software associated with the scanner to wrap the JPEG image with a DICOM header so that it is associated with the imaging study in DICOM. In the context of AIR, this relationship helps explain why some imaging exams take longer to queue and retrieve than others. How could you search the history for individual values? This metadata can include patient health information (PHI) such as patient name, medical record number, and date of birth, as well as image acquisition parameters such as image dimensions, voxel size, repetition time (TR), and voxel data type. You do not have to specify this, the DataElement class keeps track of it based on value. WebThis Accession number, although required by the DICOM standard to be provided with the images, is not always available. Hex Code. HIS/RIS generates order for imaging service. How does PACS get a copy of the report? If you wish to retrieve a study based on accession number (or anything else except those 4 identifiers). logically, the main object has no "header" as such, being merely a list of attributes, including the pixel data). Seminars in Roentgenology 38, 270281. Accession Number:A RIS generated number that identifies the order for the Study. fo-dicom; Share. DICOM has been central to the development of modern DICOM is a standard directed at addressing technical interoperability issues in medical imaging. This document is the combined conformance statement for the various DICOM components in VistA Imaging. Please note that the most recent PDF version of the standard is the official reference, and should checked when making technical decisions. number-of-study-related-instances. A single DICOM object can have only one attribute containing pixel data. Follow asked Jun 9, 2021 at 20:28. An identifier of the Imaging Service Request for this Requested Procedure. burnt to a CD). Please note that the most recent PDF version of the standard is the official reference, and should checked when making technical decisions. Starting in 2009, under a contract funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, RSNA oversaw the creation of the Image Share Network, which enabled participating radiology sites to share imaging records with patients via secure online accounts. Since 104 is in the reserved subset, many operating systems require special privileges to use it; Thus, the retrieval count represents the total number of imaging examinations one can retrieve, not the absolute number of images. Several extensions to ACR/NEMA 2.0 were created, like Papyrus (developed by the University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland) and SPI (Standard Product Interconnect), driven by Siemens Medical Systems and Philips Medical Systems. Some vendors dont even allow for this number to be entered at the modality. X. A study comprises a set of series, each of which includes a set of Service-Object Pair Instances (SOP Instances - images or other data) acquired or produced in a common context. The PACS system does not synchronize changes to e.g. O 1.DICOM DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Me Q/GDW- - 20170802 tcpdumpdump the traffic on a network mp4/3gpbox https://www.bilibili.com/video/av66144772, SOP Instance UID Data SetSOP Instance UID. There are also applications in Oncology that do not support DICOM images. This document lists DICOM Modalities, Tags, Transfer Syntaxes and SOP classes. An image acquisition device, such as a CT scanner, queries a service provider, such as a RIS, to get this information which is then presented to the system operator and is used by the imaging device to populate details in the image metadata. For example, ",0010" only matches Element Number 0010, while "0010" also matches the Group Number 0010. DICOM Makes use of the OSI network model. The accession number is usually assigned by the HIS/RIS system and can be repeating or unique depending on the system. This is 1 for most DICOM tags, but can be multiple, e.g. Also known as MPPS, this service allows a modality to better coordinate with image storage servers by giving the server a list of objects to send before or while actually sending such objects. If the PACS does not support the HL7 ORU message, how can it display the report to the radiologist? LOINC/RSNA Radiology Playbook includes Diagnostic Imaging Procedure Codes and Descriptions. My first blog addressed the challenges this new data phenomena presents; the second discussed how one organization, the IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise), is working to resolve these issues. A study was directly copied from a PACS and contains stale header data. In the beginning of the 1980s, it was very difficult for anyone other than manufacturers of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging devices to decode the images that the machines generated. WebDICOM Standard defines components used during medical data transfers. .. Built with by Innolitics, a team of medical imaging software developers. Study Instance UID:Unique identifier for the Study. LEARN MORE, How can your organization ensure a robust data protection strategy to safeguard your healthcare applications? Health IT includes the use of electronic health records (EHRs) instead of paper medical records to maintain people's health information. LZW (zip) compression can be used for the whole data set (not just the pixel data), but this has rarely been implemented. Even among those that support DICOM, there are issues. Each imaging examination is assigned a unique accession number on PACS. WebAccession Number Attribute DICOM Standard Browser An identifier of the Imaging Service Request for this Requested Procedure. Photometric Interpretation:Specifies the intended interpretation of the pixel data. Both organizations extend an irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free, nontransferable, nonexclusive, non-sublicensable license for the use of their respective standards and associated publications. The standard recommends but does not require the use of these port numbers. Another example environment is Oncology where there are many different applications, some that support DICOM for images and some that dont support DICOM. InstitutionName. DICOMDigital Imaging and Communications in MedicineISO 12052 https://www.dicomstandard.org/ .Dicom Meta Information DICOM is incorporated in a variety of imaging related IHE profiles.[21][22]. These include but are not limited to details describing image dimensionality (i.e. number-of-study-related-instances. VistA Imaging System DICOM Conformance Statement (Rev 6, October 2011) Approved DICOM Modality Interfaces. Web(0008,0050) Accession Number: 2: Short String (0008,0051) Issuer of Accession Number Sequence: 3: Sequence (0008,0090) Referring Physician's Name: 2: Person Name Data synced with official DICOM standard on 12 May 2020. IHE defines this transaction using a DICOM Structured Report. The header portion of a DICOM file almost always contains PHI; pixel data may also contain PHI. Basic Structures and Concepts in DICOM Samples Per Pixel:Number of samples (planes) in this image. The accession number is communicated using an HL7 order message (ORM) to all systems that need it, including PACS. For many modalities, this corresponds to a single image. This enables a workstation to find lists of images or other such objects and then retrieve them from a picture archiving and communication system. DICOM files can be exchanged between two entities that are capable of receiving image and patient data in DICOM format. for coordinates. Name. WebRetrieving by Accession Number The explanation is that the DICOM rules allow only the Instance UID, Series UID, Study UID and Patient ID to be used in C-MOVE and C-GET requests. How does PACS get a copy of the report? For each of the Filler Order numbers, it will assign a unique Accession Number. Security is addressed within the DICOM Standard Parts 15 and 18. ORA-00001: (.) The problem occurs when you want to view both the report and the images together. The key that identifies the order is the Accession Number, which is copied from the worklist to the image header and is used by a radiologist to identify the diagnostic report. The items in the worklist include relevant details about the subject of the procedure (patient ID, name, sex, and age), the type of procedure (equipment type, procedure description, procedure code) and the procedure order (referring physician, accession number, reason for exam). This is the third blog in a series focusing on how healthcare organizations are dealing with unprecedented volumes of unstructured data and how this impacts the holistic view of the patients data. I would say the minimum would be 1, as it should never be NULL, nor should it be duplicated in the RIS (obviously) but most PACS systems will accept duplicate accession numbers (but not duplicate StudyInstanceUIDs). The problem occurs when you want to view both the report and the images together. Webtag a DICOM tag (as a Tag object) VR DICOM value representation various number and string formats, etc; VM value multiplicity. Where does its data go? (0008,0050) It has been widely adopted by hospitals and is making inroads into smaller applications such as dentists' and doctors' offices. They all support DICOM, but they often have different methods of archiving data, making it difficult to have a central archive. In my next blog I will examine problems related to patient identification. This is a common source of problems with media created by developers who did not read the specifications carefully. ), RIS (radiology information systems), VNA (vendor-neutral archives), EMR (electronic medical record) systems, and radiology reporting systems, Many fields of medicine have a dedicated Working Group within DICOM,[18] and DICOM is applicable to any field of medicine in which imaging is prevalent, including:, radiology, cardiology, oncology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, neurology, orthopedics, obstetrics, gynecology, ophthalmology, dentistry, maxillofacial surgery, dermatology, pathology, clinical trials, veterinary medicine, and medical/clinical photography. A new solution to viewing reports and images must be implemented, often resulting in the disruption of the clinical work flow. Hex Code. Web(0008,0050) Accession Number: 2: Short String (0008,0051) Issuer of Accession Number Sequence: 3: Sequence (0008,0090) Referring Physician's Name: 2: Person Name Data synced with official DICOM standard on 12 May 2020. value the actual value. I thinknewer implementations will generate a number that is unique. This information can be used to identify areas that require additional work to raise the overall classification level and consideration for inclusion in future versions of USCDI, - Must be represented by a vocabulary standard or an element of a published technical specification, - Used at scale in more than 2 different production environments, - Demonstrates exchange between 4 or more organizations with different EHR/HIT systems, - Used by a majority of patients, providers or events requiring its use, Interoperability Standards Advisory (ISA), Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Unique Device Identifier(s) for a Patients Implantable Device(s), Administrative Transaction Acknowledgements, Enrollment and Disenrollment in a Health Plan, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response, Health Care Eligibility Benefit Inquiry and Response for Retail Pharmacy Coverage, Administrative Transactions to Financial Exchanges, Electronic Funds Transfer for Payments to Health Care Providers, Health Care Payment and Remittance Advice, Health Plan Premium Payments for Covered Members, Administrative Transactions to Support Clinical Care, Health Care Attachments to Support Claims, Referrals and Authorizations, Referral Certification and Authorization for Pharmacy Transactions, Referral Certification and Authorization Request and Response for Dental, Professional and Institutional Services, Health Care Claims and Coordination of Benefits, Health Care Claim Status Request and Response, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Dental Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Institutional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Professional Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Claims, Health Care Claims or Equivalent Encounter Information for Retail Pharmacy Supplies and Professional Services, Operating Rules to Support Administrative Transactions, Operating Rules for Enrollment and Disenrollment, Operating Rules for Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA), Operating Rules for Prior Authorization and Referrals, Operating Rules to Support Claim Status Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Electronic Prescribing Transactions, Operating Rules to Support Eligibility Transactions, Appendix I Sources of Security Standards and Security Patterns, Appendix III - Educational and Informational Resources, Understanding Emerging API-Based Standards, Understanding Observations and Observation Values, Appendix IV - State and Local Public Health Readiness for Interoperability, Sending a Notification of a Long-Term Care Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to the Servicing Pharmacy, Sending a Notification of a Patients Admission, Discharge and/or Transfer Status to Other Providers, Sending a Notification of a Patients Encounter to a Record Locator Service, Referral from Acute Care to a Skilled Nursing Facility, Referral to a Specialist - Request, Status Updates, Outcome, Referral to Extra-Clinical Services - Request, Updates, Outcome, Documenting and Sharing Care Plans for a Single Clinical Context, Documenting and Sharing Medication-Related Care Plans by Pharmacists, Documenting Care Plans for Person Centered Services, Domain or Disease-Specific Care Plan Standards, Sharing Patient Care Plans for Multiple Clinical Contexts, Communicate Appropriate Use Criteria with the Order and Charge to the Filling Provider and Billing System for Inclusion on Claims, Provide Access to Appropriate Use Criteria, Clinical Quality Measurement and Reporting, Reporting Aggregate Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Reporting Patient-level Quality Data for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Sharing Quality Measure Artifacts for Quality Reporting Initiatives, Establishing the Authenticity, Reliability, and Trustworthiness of Content Between Trading Partners, Exchanging Diet and Nutrition Orders Across the Continuum of Care, Family Health History (Clinical Genomics), Representing Family Health History for Clinical Genomics, Format for Sharing Social Care Services Information, Format for Structuring and Sharing Social Care Directory Information, Format of Medical Imaging Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiation Exposure Dose Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Format of Radiology Reports for Exchange and Distribution, Medical Image Formats for Data Exchange and Distribution, Exchange InVitro Diagnostics (IVD) Orders and Results, Transmit Laboratory Directory of Services to Provider System, Medical Device Communication to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Transmitting Patient Vital Signs from Medical Devices to Other Information Systems/Technologies, Clinical Information Systems to Request Context-Specific Clinical Knowledge From Online Resources, Patient Identity/Identification Management, Recording Patient Preferences for Electronic Consent to Access and/or Share their Health Information with Other Care Providers, Allows Pharmacy Benefit Payers to Communicate Formulary and Benefit Information to Prescriber Systems, Allows a Long Term or Post-Acute Care to Request to Send an Additional Supply of Medication, Allows a Pharmacy to Notify a Prescriber of Prescription Fill Status, Allows a Pharmacy to Request Additional Refills, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a Change to a Prescription, Allows a Pharmacy to Request a New Prescription For a New Course of Therapy or to Continue Therapy, Allows a Pharmacy to Request, Respond to or Confirm a Prescription Transfer, Allows a Prescriber or a Pharmacy to Request a Patients Medication History, Allows a Prescriber to Cancel a Prescription, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate Drug Administration Events, Allows a Prescriber to Communicate with a REMS Administrator, Allows a Prescriber to Prescribe Medication Using Weight-Based Dosing, Allows a Prescriber to Recertify the Continued Administration of a Medication Order, Allows a Prescriber to Request a Patients Medication History from a State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP), Allows a Prescriber to Request, Cancel or Appeal Prior Authorization for Medications, Allows a Prescriber to Send a New Prescription to a Pharmacy, Allows a Prescriber to Send a Prescription to a Pharmacy for a Controlled Substance, Allows for Communication of Prescription Information Between Prescribers and Dispensers, Allows for the Exchange of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) Data, Data Submission for Title X Family Planning Annual Reporting, Electronic Transmission of Reportable Laboratory Results to Public Health Agencies, Exchanging Immunization Data with Immunization Registries, Newborn Screening Results and Birth Defect Reporting to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Information to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Birth and Fetal Death to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Cancer Cases to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Death Records to Public Health Agencies, Reporting Syndromic Surveillance to Public Health (Emergency Department, Inpatient, and Urgent Care Settings), Sending Health Care Survey Information to Public Health Agencies, Data Collection for Submission to Registries and Reporting Authorities, Prepopulation of Research Forms from Electronic Health Records, Submission of Clinical Research Data Contained in EHRs and Other Health IT Systems for General Purpose or Preserving Specific FDA Requirements, Submission of Clinical Research Data to FDA to Support Product Marketing Applications, Submit Adverse Event Report from an Electronic Health Record to Drug Safety Regulators, Support a Transition of Care or Referral to Another Health Care Provider, Defining a Globally Unique Device Identifier, Representing Unique Implantable Device Identifiers, An Unsolicited "Push" of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination and Information System User, An Unsolicited Push of Clinical Health Information to a Known Destination Between Systems, Push Communication of Vital Signs from Medical Devices, Remote Patient Monitoring to Support Chronic Condition Management, Patient Education and Patient Engagement, Providing Patient-Specific Assessments and Recommendations Based on Patient Data for Clinical Decision Support, Retrieval of Contextually Relevant, Patient-Specific Knowledge Resources from Within Clinical Information Systems to Answer Clinical Questions Raised by Patients in the Course of Care, Consumer Access/Exchange of Health Information, Collection and Exchange of Patient-Reported Outcomes, Patient Exchanging Secure Messages with Care Providers, Push Patient-Generated Health Data into Integrated EHR, Remote Patient Authorization and Submission of EHR Data for Research, View, Download and Transmit Data from EHR, Listing of Providers for Access by Potential Exchange Partners, Exchanging Images Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Images Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Exchanging Patient Identification Within and Between Communities, Transport for Immunization Submission and Query/Response, Data Element Based Query for Clinical Health Information, Query for Documents Outside a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Query for Documents Within a Specific Health Information Exchange Domain, Finding and Retrieving Human Services Information, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Environmental Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Food Substances, Representing Patient Allergies and Intolerances; Medications, Representing Non-Imaging and Non-Laboratory Clinical Tests, Representing Patient Contact Information for Telecommunications, Representing Nutrition Assessment, Diagnosis, Interventions and Monitoring/Evaluation, Representing Health Care Data for Emergency Medical Services, Representing Assessment and Plan of Treatment, Representing Patient Dental Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Medical Encounter Diagnosis, Representing Patient Family Health History, Representing Patient Functional Status and/or Disability, Health Care Providers, Family Members and Other Caregivers, Representing Provider Role in Team Care Settings, Representing Relationship Between Patient and Another Person, Imaging (Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures), Representing Imaging Diagnostics, Interventions and Procedures, Representing Clinical/Nursing Assessments, Representing Patient Problems for Nursing, Patient Clinical Problem List (i.e., "Conditions"), Representing Patient Clinical Problems (i.e., Conditions), Representing Patient Preferred Language (Presently), Representing Medical Procedures Performed, Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Representing Hospital/Facility Beds Utilization, Representing Laboratory Operations (Population Laboratory Surveillance), Representing Population-Level Morbidity and Mortality, Representing Data for Biomedical and Health Services Research Purposes, Sex at Birth, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Representing Patient-Identified Sexual Orientation, Social, Psychological and Behavioral Data, Representing Exposure to Violence (Intimate Partner Violence), Representing Social Connection and Isolation, Representing Patient Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping), Representing Patient Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Representing Patient Tobacco Use (Smoking Status), Representing Units of Measure (For Use with Numerical References and Values), Representing Job, Usual Work, and Other Work Information, https://www.healthit.gov/isa/taxonomy/term/3716/level-1, https://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol1x.pdf, https://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part03/sect_C.7.2.html#table_C.7-3, https://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part04/sect_C.6.2.html, https://www.ihe.net/uploadedFiles/Documents/Radiology/IHE_RAD_TF_Vol1.pdf, http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=13, https://www.hl7.org/fhir/imagingstudy.html, https://www.healthit.gov/hitac/events/us-core-data-interoperability-task-force-2021-27, https://loinc.org/oids/1.3.6.1.4.1.12009.10.2.5.1/, https://profiles.ihe.net/RAD/IMR/index.html, https://www.nuance.com/healthcare/diagnostics-solutions/radiology-network/powershare-medical-image-sharing.html, https://www.rsna.org/practice-tools/data-tools-and-standards/image-share-validation-program.

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