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The most common kinds of true arch are the fixed arch, the two-hinged arch, and the three-hinged arch. Acts like a lintel, when it provided over the opening. The point from which the arch rises from its vertical supports is known as the spring, or springing line. Semi-circular Arch Segmental Arch Semi elliptical arch Flat Arch Two centered Arch Equilateral arch Lancet arch Venetian arch Three centered arch ogee arch Drop arch The masonry arch is one of the oldest structural elements. Each type of arch has unique characteristics and is used in specific architectural styles. An arch is an architectural form that controls the pressure from the weight of a building in a specific way. The first example of an early Gothic arch in Europe is in Sicily in the Greek fortifications of Gela. [20] Rare exceptions are an arched mudbrick home doorway dated to circa 2000BC from Tell Taya in Iraq[21] and two Bronze Age arched Canaanite city gates, one at Ashkelon (dated to c. 1850 BC),[22] and one at Tel Dan (dated to c. 1750 BC), both in modern-day Israel. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Width of the springing line of this arch is equal to the diameter of the semicircle and rise is equal to the radius. It uses a curve to span a space between two points. Parabolic Arch A parabolic arch is an arch that takes the form of a parabola. Rock formations may form natural arches through erosion, rather than being carved or constructed. During construction of an arch, the voussoirs require support from below until the keystone has been set in place; this support usually takes the form of temporary wooden centring. The Roman arch is one of the most iconic aspects of Roman architecture. They even celebrated major victories by building triumphal arches and marching through them to make their success official. 1. Offered in eight varying finishes, this collection is designed to harmonize with various cabinet styles and finishes. This architectural element was particularly important in Gothic architecture.The earliest use of a pointed arch dates back to bronze-age Nippur.As a structural feature, it was first used in Islamic architecture, but in the 12th century it . [10] This kind of arch has pinned connections at its base. However, this can result in additional stresses, and therefore the two-hinged arch is also statically indeterminate, although not as much as the fixed arch. The shape of the arch curve looks like a semi-circle. Reed Hepler received an M.L.I.S. During this period new Roman buildings were designed and constructed such as the triumphal arches, aqueducts, and basilicas. [16][17], Vaults are essentially "adjacent arches [that] are assembled side by side." Material selection, proper Some rock balance sculptures are in the form of an arch. The objective of this study was to report the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, consistent with previous infection. Nevertheless, for gauged brick arches simply soft bricks are utilized. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. The Romans used arches with circular tops, called rounded arches, which were made of stone. Venetian Arch18. Made of rubble stones, which are hammer dressed, roughly to the shape and size of voussoirs of the arch and fixed in cement mortar. The Roman Forum Map & Facts | What is the Roman Forum? Evident in both entrances and interiors, Islamic arches are categorized into four main styles: pointed, ogee, horseshoe, and multifoil. There is another type of rampant arch that is round rampant arch. succeed. Venetian Arch7. The Ogee arch appears in architecture all over the world, though is quite . - Mythology, Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Mark Antony of Rome: Biography, Facts & Death, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Ponte dei Quattro Capi, translated as ~Bridge of the Four Heads.~. They also introduced the triumphal arch as a military monument. It is best known for its large religious temples built in stone, designed from principles of order . Arches have been a major part of architecture and construction since antiquity and have developed through historical eras. Sometime, a perfectly circular arch known as a. Create your account. I feel like its a lifeline. An architecture style is a collection of external influences that shape the materiality, method of construction, and form of a building, helping it to be identified and characterized in both historical and design terms. Thepointedarches are similarly identified as theGothic arch. Romans also incorporated arches into their buildings. 3rd4th century. They had the right to be, and commissioning large buildings became a way for politicians to display power and wealth. This carrying capacity stems from the fact that pressure downward on an arch has the effect of forcing the voussoirs together instead of apart. The Colosseum, largely built using arches, was designed by the Flavian emperors to convince the people that their emperor cared about them. Because of its shape the loads from above gets distributed to supports (pier or abutment). Create your account, 22 chapters | This Jeffrey Alexander pull is available in four standard pull lengths, 12" appliance handle and coordinating ringed mushroom knob. Six basic arch styles | Building Construction A roman arch which is also known as a semi-circular arch. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans through an elevated space that may or may not support the weight above it. Photo: LeCaire via Wikimedia Commons Public Domain The most famous examples of the arch in Roman architecture include: The most famous examples of Roman arches from outside of Rome include: The Roman arch has been used in many types of structures, including: The Roman arch is an important element of architecture handed down from ancient Rome. Early Christian Architecture: Examples, History & Characteristics. Arches Classified as per the number of centers are given below. C. Gauged brick arches. Roman Concrete Construction Development & Uses | How Did the Romans Make Concrete? This form of the arch spread to European nations throughout the Middle Ages and continued to change through the evolution of Gothic architecture. We're going to outline 33 different types of arches to ensure you can recognize them the next time you spot them. Three-centered ArchA three-centered arch is an arch that is formed by three arcs with three centers. An arch is held in place by the weight of all of its members, making construction problematic. The outer, upper curve of the arch is called the extrados. Relieving Arch. 11.Venetian arches types: Venetian arches have pointed arches but its crown is darker than that of the spring which has 4 centres, all situated on the springing line. Pointed or Gothic Arch. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Roman architecture has had a profound effect on architectural trends throughout history, even today. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Lancet Arch appears in Two Center Arch. Vaults began to be used for roofing large interior spaces such as halls and temples, a function that was also assumed by domed structures from the 1st century BC onwards. In this arch, the center of the arc falls under the springing line of the arch. The Flat arch creates an equilateral triangle within Intrados as a base at an angle of 60 degrees. The forms, along with the "strongly expressed ribs at the vault intersections, were dominant architectural features of Gothic cathedrals. The Roman arch is possibly the most easily identifiable of the types of arches. Center of two arcs lie above the springing line of the arch. There can two types of trefoil arches, one with round top and another with pointed apex called round trefoil arch and pointed trefoil arch respectively. Pointed Shape Arch2. The Venetian arch is another form of the pointed arch. Arches are compressive structures, which is why there are no tensile stresses. It is generally made of brick masonry. The semi-elliptical arch has a form of a semi-ellipse that has either 3 or 5 centers. The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, United States, is the tallest arch of the world. Some blind arches were originally built as open arches and . Updates? 5347 Wishing Arch Dr , Apollo Beach, FL 33572 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,150,000. So, an ogival arch is a round arch with a . In masonry construction, arches have several great advantages over horizontal beams, or lintels. Because of the perfect shape and size of the precast concrete blocks, it will provide a very decent view. When an emperor had been victorious in war, he commissioned a triumphal arch that all of his troops would march under to officially declare their victory to the city. True arches, as opposed to corbel arches, were known by a number of civilizations in the ancient Near East including the Levant[contradictory], but their use was infrequent and mostly confined to underground structures, such as drains where the problem of lateral thrust is greatly diminished. The Roman arch is the ancestor of modern architecture. Tudor similarly comes under this category. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. There are various kind of arches that differentiate according to shape, no. Forms of arch displayed chronologically, roughly in chronological order of development: Shouldered flat arch (see also jack arch). Made up of rectangular brick that is not cut into a wedge shape. Two Centered Arches15. Parabolic arches have widely used in the construction of bridges and other engineering discoveries in the ancient world. In a flat arch, extrados is also straight and horizontal, that is the exterior curve or outer line of an arch. Colosseum - This building features both rows and layers of Roman arches, which are supported by foundations that run between the layers. [49][50][51], In India, Bhitargaon temple (450AD) and Mahabodhi temple (7th century AD) built in by Gupta Dynasty are the earliest surviving examples of the use of voussoir arch vault system in India. A special form of the arch is the triumphal arch, usually built to celebrate a victory in war. Venetian arch is a typical example for four-centered arch. History of the Ancient Near East: Help and Review, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Euphrates River in History: Facts, Map & Role in Civilization, Mesopotamian Ziggurat: Definition & Images, Royal Tombs Of Ur: Definition & Treasures, The Hittites: Civilization, History & Definition, The Quest for The Golden Fleece: Story & Overview, The Republic by Plato: Summary & Explanation, The Roman Arch: Definition, Construction & History, The Roman Emperor Claudius: Facts & Achievements, Mathematician Al Khwarizmi: Facts & Contributions, Akkadian Empire: Facts, Achievements & Fall, History of Ancient Greece: Help and Review, Hellenism and the Athenian Achievement: Help and Review, The Rise of the Roman Republic: Help and Review, The Fall of the Roman Empire: Help and Review, The Medieval Warm Period: Help and Review, Interpreting History from Different Perspectives, Physical Geography & Current Environmental Patterns, Middle School US History: Homework Help Resource, Middle School US History: Tutoring Solution, SAT Subject Test World History: Tutoring Solution, SAT Subject Test US History: Tutoring Solution, CLEP Western Civilization II: Study Guide & Test Prep, What is a Pointed Arch? So what's so special about an arch? Read More: Culvert | What Is a Culvert | Types of Culvert | Culvert Meaning | Parts of Culvert. The shape of the arch looks like a semi-circle. The center of the curve lies above the springing line of the arch. Types of Arches based on Workmanship and Construction Materials Based on material used for construction and workmanship, arches may be classified as: 1. It is also known as a discharging arch. In most cases they did not use mortar, relying simply on the precision of their stone dressing. Wedge-shaped blocks, named voussoirs, establish flank-to-flank with the upper perimeter being broader than the lower edge. In round rampant arch, there is no pointed edge at the point where the two curves meet. It may also be known as a Gothic arch. It is widely used in Islamic architecture. The semi-elliptical arch is similarly recognized as the basket-handle arch. This is around the same time as the earliest contemporary examples in Roman Syria, suggesting either an Aksumite or Syrian origin for the type. It is also a one-centered arch. Horseshoe Arch A horseshoe arch is an arch that is in the form of a horseshoe. The semicircular arch was followed in Europe by the pointed Gothic arch or ogive, whose centreline more closely follows the forces of compression and which is therefore stronger. Arches have been used for thousands of years and have been a crucial component in many architectural styles, including Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque. This type of arch that established with the help of conventional bricks. The title of this arch is offered horseshoe arch because its shape is like a horseshoe that curves better than the semicircle. Thus, the complete surface of this type of arch provides an extremely aesthetical appearance. These stresses also tend to squeeze the blocks outward radially; loads divert these outward forces downward to exert a diagonal force, called thrust, that will cause the arch to collapse if it is not properly buttressed. Two arcs for the shoulders start the curve with their center on the springing line.Inflexed ArchAn inflexed arch is an arch that is formed by two arcs curving towards inward or downward. A weighted catenary arch is a unique form of a catenary arch with non-uniform thickness. The most popular styles of arches in Medieval Europe were the pointed arch, also known as the ogive arch. However, it is worthwhile mentioning that corbel arches were found in other parts of ancient Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. It is also known as an acute arch or an ogive arch. This innovation allowed for taller and more closely spaced openings, which are typical of Gothic architecture. Liu, Xujie (2002), "The Qin and Han dynasties", in Steinhardt, Nancy S.. Morton, William Scott; Lewis, Charlton M. (2005). in Roman aqueducts. Durham's cabinet pull features an appealing yet simple barrel shape that is sure to add traditional charm to your space. Unlike the other two kinds of arch, the three-hinged arch is therefore statically determinate. These three orders were adopted by the Romans in the 1st century BC. Both the arcs join together to form a pointed edge. Other components include the columns on the side of the arch and the voussoirs, the other stones at the top of the arch that press against the keystone and the columns. Occasionally these are also utilized as relieving arches up to a depth of 37.5 cm, but these are established in one ring. The keystone bears almost no weight, but is the center of redirecting the weight of the structure down and outwards. In the segmental arch, the thrust is carried in an inclined direction to the abutment. Roman arch The Roman arch or the classical arch is the most well-known arch design and is commonly used. The pointed arch features a rounded design with a tapered apex. Holt World History - Human Legacy: Online Textbook Help, Praxis Social Studies: Content Knowledge (5081) Prep, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, CLEP Western Civilization I: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Civilization I: Certificate Program, High School World History: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Help and Review, DSST Western Europe Since 1945: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Europe Since 1945: Certificate Program, Create an account to start this course today. A series of rounded arches side by side is called an arcade. The other name of the pointed Shape arch is the Gothic arch. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Shape classification: In architecture, the shape of an arch can be one classifying factor. Equilateral Arch16. The center stone at the top of the arch is called the keystone, and it is the piece that locks the arch in its shape and forces the compression of stress. 5. Tudor arch is also having four centers. [48] Barrel vaults were also used in the Late Harappan Cemetery H culture dated 1900 BC-1300 BC which formed the roof of the metal working furnace, the discovery was made by Vats in 1940 during excavation at Harappa. Semi-Elliptical Arch8. Without bridges to connect their roads, the Roman army would not have been able to march across Europe, expanding the Empire. A through the arch is one where the upper deck is found at the spring line of the arch. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Late Gothic (15th-century) architecture reached its height in Germanys vaulted hall churches. The precast concrete blocks are available in the accurate shape and sizes which are needed for the construction of the arches. Construction of the arches is needed where the span between the two supports is surplus and the load arriving on the supports is heavy. One answer is to build a frame (historically, of wood) which exactly follows the form of the underside of the arch. They were used throughout the Roman Empire to celebrate any triumphant moment, from the completion of a bridge to the founding of a new colony. Ashlar stones are typically used in constructing flat arches. The rib vault, flying buttress, and pointed (Gothic) arch were . There are other types of ogee arches such as ogee three-centered arch and ogee four-centered arch. which resulted in the architects being able to incorporate many different architectural styles. The Flat arch is normally utilized for the construction of light-load structures. The Roman arch is largely responsible for the expansion of infrastructure across the Roman Empire. [9] In order to preserve arch action and prevent collapse of the arch, the thrust must be restrained, either by internal ties or external bracing, such as abutments. The arch allowed ancient builders to make larger, more complex buildings that could hold more space and people. In the gauge brick kind of arch, bricks are cut with a wire saw to the exact shape and size of the requisite voussoir. Segmental in shape and provided over the openings . It's okay, we all do. Receive product news and updates in your inbox, Designing Classrooms Differently to Encourage Collaboration, Dutch Architecture: Exploring Amsterdam's Wonky Wonders, Deconstructivist Architect Rem Koolhaas & Organic Architect Santiago Calatrava, Life of a French Swiss Modern Architect Le Corbusier. Brick archesare one of thepopular typesof arches that are utilized inconstruction. The shape of the arch looks like asemi-circle. An ogive is a rounded, tapered end of an object. The Roman arch is the original incarnation of the arch, with a semi-circular top. In the segmental arch, the thrust is Transferred in an inclined direction to the abutment. A trefoil arch is also known as a three-foiled cusped arch. The stone arches are subdivided into two types. [58], Depressed Tudor arch on Layer Marney Tower in Essex, England, Blind arches on the Church of San Tirso in Sahagn, Len, Spain, Washington Square Arch, a triumphal arch in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, Delicate Arch, a natural arch in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, A rock balance sculpture in the form of an arch, Medial longitudinal arch of the human foot (Gray's Anatomy), Restored Canaanite city gate of Ashkelon, Ashkelon, Israel (2014), Reconstructed Ishtar Gate of Babylon in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin (2014), Taq Kasra (Archway of Ctesiphon), Salman Pak, Iraq (1864), Arch of Augustus, Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2015), Arch of Constantine, Rome, commemorating a victory by Constantine I in 312 AD (2007), The Arc de Triomphe, Paris; a 19th-century triumphal arch modelled on the classical Roman design (1998), Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in the Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn, New York City (2007), Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri; a monument based on a catenary arch (2011), The Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport, California, Pont Flavien over the River Touloubre in Saint-Chamas, Bouches-du-Rhne, France (2008), Old stone bridge in Kerava, Finland (2011), Bridge of Seonamsa Temple, Suncheon, South Jeolla Province, South Korea (1979), Grosvenor Bridge over the River Dee in Chester, Cheshire, England, UK (2007), Union Arch Bridge carrying the Washington Aqueduct and MacArthur Boulevard (formerly named Conduit Road) in Cabin John, Montgomery County, Maryland (2008), Anji Bridge over the Xiaohe River, Hebei Province, China (2007), The dry stone bridge, so called Porta Rosa (4th century BC), in Elea, Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy (2005), Pont du Gard, a Roman aqueduct in Vers-Pont-du-Gard, Gard, France (2014), Bridge in esk Krumlov, Czech Republic (2004), Rialto Bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy (2011), Pont de Bercy over the River Seine, Paris, carrying the Paris Mtro on its upper deck and a boulevard extension on its lower deck (2006), Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2007), Francis Scott Key Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2006), Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge carrying Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Capital Beltway over the Potomac River between Alexandria, Virginia and Oxon Hill, Maryland (2007), Arrbida Bridge over the Douro River connecting Porto, and Vila Nova de Gaia, in the Norte Region, Portugal (2011), Rainbow Bridge over the Niagara River connecting Niagara Falls, New York and Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (2012), Tyne Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2004), Hell Gate Bridge over the East River, New York City, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2010), Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River, Remagen, Germany, showing damage before collapse during the Battle of Remagen in World War II (1945), Lianxiang bridge over the Xiang River, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China (2007), Zhivopisny Bridge over the Moskva River, Moscow, Russia (2009), Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas (2012), Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge crossing Parano Lake, Braslia, Brazil (2007), Gateshead Millennium Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2005), Arch supporting the Eiffel Tower, Paris (2015), The second Wembley Stadium in London, built in 2007 (2007), The first San Mams Stadium, in Bilbao, arch built in 1953, demolished 2013 (2013), St Pancras railway station, London (2011), Train shed in St Pancras railway station, London (2010), Train shed in Victoria Station, London (2006), Lucerne railway station, Switzerland (2010), Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2008), Train shed in Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2005), Arches in Main Concourse, Grand Central Terminal, Manhattan, New York City (2014), Interior arches in Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches in Great Hall, Chicago Union Station, Chicago, Illinois (2010), Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany (2011), Stonework arches seen in a ruined stonework building Burg Lippspringe, Germany (2005), Arches in the Casa-Museo del Libertador Simn Bolvar in Havana, Cuba (2006)[59], Arches in dining hall at Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (2007), Arches inside Annenberg Hall, Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016), Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in throne room of Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany (1886 photochrom print), Arches in the Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2012), External arches in the Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2009), Arches inside the North Gallery, Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2010), Arches in the nave of the church in monastery of Alcobaa, Portugal (2008), North facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2008), Arches in choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2013), Arches in nave of Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London (2006), Arches inside the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. (2005), Interior arches in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City (2009), Arches inside the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (1983), Arches inside the western upper gallery, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey (2007), Interior arches in the Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Roof of Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2010), Arches inside the Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2014), Arches in the Shahi Mosque, Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan (2016), Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2009), The Great Gate (Darwaza-i-rauza): Entrance to grounds of Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2004), Arches inside the Taj Majal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, Arches in Main Reading Room, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in Great Hall, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2007), Art Deco arches on Chrysler Building, Manhattan, New York City (2005), New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2016), Arches inside the entrance of New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Great Hall, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Sculpture Gallery, West Building, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (2007), Arches inside the Legion of Honor, Lincoln Park, San Francisco, California (2010), Arches near the Jordan Staircase, Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Pavilion Hall, Small Hermitage, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Salle du Mange, Louvre Palace, Paris (2007), Arches in Galerie des Batailles, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2013), Arches in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2011), Arches in Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2011), Arches in St. Stevens Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2007), Horseshoe arch inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Multifoil arches inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Catenary arches inside the Casa Mil in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaud (2010}, Rajasthani style arches inside the 16th-century City Palace, Udaipur, India (2013), Main faade of the Itamaraty Palace in Braslia, Brazil, decorated with many arches (2005), Arches inside the National Building Museum (formerly Pension Building), Washington, D.C. (2007), Front entrance of the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches inside the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2009), Bankstown Reservoir, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2018), Crypt of the Popes in the Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome (2007), Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty (25220 AD) tomb chamber, Luoyang (2008), Entrance to Washington family tomb at Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia (2014), Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Virginia (2014), Jiangzhou Natural Bridge, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (2012), Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2016), Double O Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2007), Aloba Arch, Ennedi-Est Region, Chad (2015), Shipton's Arch, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2011), Darwin's Arch, Galpagos Archipelago, Pacific Ocean (2006), Shah Abbas Arch Dam (Tagh E Shah Abbas), Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran (2011), Hoover Dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, Clark County, Nevada and Mohave County, Arizona (2017), El Atazar Dam on the Lozoya River near Madrid, Spain (2014), This article is about the architectural construct.

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